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Water damage categories explained
Restoration professionals classify water by contamination level per IICRC S500 standards. Category determines PPE, disposal rules, and price — not just how wet something is.
Category 1 — Clean water
Originates from a sanitary source: broken supply lines, melting ice, rainwater before it hits the ground, or toilet tanks (not bowl). Can become Category 2 or 3 if it sits too long or contacts building materials.
Category 2 — Gray water
Contains significant contamination — dishwasher or washing machine discharge, toilet overflow with urine only, or Category 1 water that sat 48+ hours. Requires antimicrobial treatment; some porous materials must go.
Category 3 — Black water
Grossly contaminated — sewage, flooding from rising rivers/washes, or any water carrying pathogens. Porous materials in contact are removed, not cleaned. HEPA containment and specialized disposal apply.
Why this matters for your claim
Miscoding Category 3 work as Category 1 is a red flag for adjusters and a health risk for occupants. Proper classification on the mitigation invoice protects you legally and financially.
Common questions
- Can Category 1 become Category 3?
- Yes. Clean water left on carpet pad, through crawl spaces, or contacting soil can escalate within 48 hours.
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